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File ownership and groups for files are fundamental to the Linux operating system. Every file in Linux is managed by a specific user and a specific group.

Figure out who owns the File or Folder, then use either chown or chgrp

Display ownership and group information using the following command:

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$ ls -l ./ashokma.com/index.html
drwxr-xr-x   2 root docker   4096 Mar 23 15:23 ./ashokma.com/index.html

This folder is owned by the root user and belongs to the docker group.

Changing the ownership of a file using chown

You can change the ownership of a specific file using the chown command. For security purposes only, the root user or members of the sudo group may transfer ownership of a file.

To change the ownership of a file:

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$ chown ashokma ./ashokma.com/index.html

$ ls -l ./ashokma.com/index.html
drwxr-xr-x   2 ashokma docker   4096 Mar 23 20:23 ./ashokma.com/index.html

The file index.html is now owned by ashokma.

By default, chown follows symbolic links and changes the owner of the file pointed to by the symbolic link.

Tip: If you wish to change ownership of all files inside a directory, you can use the -R option.

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$ chown -R ashokma ./ashokma.com/

Changing the group ownership of a file using chgrp

All users on the system belong to at least one group. You can find out which groups you belong to using the following command:

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$ groups ashokma
ashokma : ashokma adm sudo docker

You can then change the group ownership of a specific file using the chgrp command:

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$ chgrp ashokma index.html

$ ls -l index.html
drwxr-xr-x   2 ashokma ashokma   4096 Mar 23 21:23 index.html

The file index.html now belongs to the ashokma group.

Changing both the owner and the group using chown

You can change both the owner and group of a file using just the chown command.

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$ chown ashokma:docker index.html

$ ls -l index.html
drwxr-xr-x   2 ashokma docker    4096 Mar 23 21:23 index.html

The file index.html is now owned by ashokma and belongs to the docker group.

#Linux #Pop!_OS #Terminal Usage #How to #Tutorial